Lane One Biblography

Changing Lanes Academy’s Lane One Program is built on real-world industry experience and FMCSA regulations. The references below cite all statistics and data included in the program.

Vehicle stopping distance and time. (n.d.). [Technical document].
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2018). The most common distractions for truck drivers. U.S. Department of Transportation.
Simons-Morton, B. G., Guo, F., Klauer, S. G., Ehsani, J. P., & Pradhan, A. K. (2014). Keep your eyes on the road: Young driver crash risk increases according to duration of distraction. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(5), S61–S67. https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(13)00779-9/fulltext
Federal Highway Administration. (n.d. - a). Chapter 3: Traffic Incident Management Tools and Resources [PDF]. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/operations/tft/chap3.pdf
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d. -b). CMV driving tips: Driver distraction. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/driver-safety/cmv-driving-tips-driver-distraction
Olson, R. L., Hanowski, R. J., Hickman, J. S., & Bocanegra, J. L. (2009, September). Driver distraction in commercial vehicle operations (Report No. FMCSA-RRR-09-042). Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/sites/fmcsa.dot.gov/files/docs/DriverDistractionStudy.pdf
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2007). Unit costs of medium and heavy truck crashes. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/sites/fmcsa.dot.gov/files/docs/UnitCostsTruck%20Crashes2007.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (2016). Driver health and wellness (NCMVS Newsletter, Vol. 8, No. 2). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/niosh/motorvehicle/ncmvs/newsletter/ncmvsnewsletterv8n2.html
Taylor, G., & Vachal, K. (2008). The cost of truckload driver turnover. Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University. https://www.ugpti.org/resources/reports/downloads/sp-146.pdf
Assured Standard. (n.d.). How much will my commercial truck insurance increase from a cargo claim? Assured Standard. https://www.assuredstandard.com/how-much-will-my-commercial-truck-insurance-increase-from-a-cargo-claim/
Krum, Gergely, & Oates. (n.d.). How much jail time for assault? KGO Law Firm. https://kgofirm.com/how-much-jail-time-for-assault/

Federal Highway Administration. (n.d.). Rain & flooding. FHWA Road Weather Management Program. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/weather/weather_events/rain_flooding.htm#:~:text=Most%20weather%2Drelated%20crashes%20occur,injured%20in%20crashes%20during%20rainfall

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2015, February 11). CMV driving tips – Too fast for conditions. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved [month day, year], from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/driver-safety/cmv-driving-tips-too-fast-conditions
Kravitz, J. (2025, April 18). Dangerous wind speeds for truckers: Stay safe on the road [Blog post]. Trucker Guide Blog. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://blog.truckerguideapp.com/post/what-wind-speed-is-dangerous-for-semi-trucks

Federal Highway Administration. (n.d.). Low visibility. FHWA Road Weather Management Program. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/weather/weather_events/low_visibility.htm

Kravitz, J. (2025, April 18). Dangerous wind speeds for truckers: Stay safe on the road [Blog post]. Trucker Guide Blog.
Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://blog.truckerguideapp.com/post/what-wind-speed-is-dangerous-for-semi-trucks#:~:text=Trailer%20weight%20impacts%20stability
National Weather Service. (n.d.). Seasonal wind threat. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://www.weather.gov/mlb/seasonal_wind_threat#:~:text=%22High%20wind%22%20with%20sustained%20speeds,with%20a%20high%20wind%20warning.&text=%22A%20Moderate%20Threat%20to%20Life,of%2035%20to%2057%20mph

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). 5.1.4 Emergency Equipment (393.95). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/safetyplanner/MyFiles/SubSections.aspx?ch=22&sec=64&sub=133
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). 6.3.6 Emergency Warning Devices (392.22). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/safetyplanner/MyFiles/SubSections.aspx?ch=23&sec=68&sub=168
Fleet Response. (2025, May 7). How poor vehicle maintenance contributes to fleet safety risks. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://www.fleetresponse.com/2025/05/how-poor-vehicle-maintenance-contributes-to-fleet-safety-risks/#:~:text=07%20May%20How%20Poor%20Vehicle,passengers%20and%20other%20road%20users.

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2022, March 28). Summary of hours of service regulations. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hours-service/summary-hours-service-regulations
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2015, December 16). Electronic Logging Devices and Hours-of-Service Supporting Documents (Final rule). Federal Register, 80 (241), 78292–78466. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2015-12-16/pdf/2015-31336.pdf
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2018, April 9). ELD functions [Rescinded March 10, 2022]. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/hours-service/elds/eld-functions
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2022, March 10). ELD malfunctions and data diagnostic events FAQs (CORR1). U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hours-service/elds/eld-malfunctions-and-data-diagnostic-events-faqs
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2018, April 9). ELD functions [FAQs] (Rescinded March 10, 2022). Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/hours-service/elds/eld-functions
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). Personal conveyance. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hours-service/personal-conveyance

U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). § 393.104 Location of emergency equipment. In Title 49—Transportation, Part 393, Subpart I: General (49 C.F.R.). Retrieved [Month Day, Year you accessed it], from https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-393/subpart-I/section-393.104
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). § 393.108 Determining the working load limit of a tiedown or the load restraining value of a friction mat. In Title 49—Transportation, Part 393: Parts and accessories necessary for safe operation (49 C.F.R.). Retrieved [Month Day, Year], from https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-393/subpart-I/section-393.108
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (1997, April 4). Does § 393.104(b) require securement devices be marked or labeled with their working load limit or any other information? Guidance Q&A. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/cargo-securement/does-ss-393104b-require-securement-devices-be-marked-or-labeled-their
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). § 393.104 Standards for cargo securement devices and systems (49 C.F.R. § 393.104). In eCFR: Parts and accessories necessary for safe operation, Title 49—Transportation. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-III/subchapter-B/part-393/subpart-I/section-393.104
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). 5.2.2 Vehicle Inspections – Roadside Inspection Reports (396.9), Driver Vehicle Inspection Reports (DVIR), Pre-trip/Periodic Inspections (396.11, 396.13, 396.17, 396.21). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/SafetyPlanner/MyFiles/SubSections.aspx?ch=22&sec=65&sub=148

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). 4.4.2 Accident Recordkeeping (Accident Register) (390.15). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/SafetyPlanner/MyFiles/SubSections.aspx?ch=21&sec=62&sub=127
My Safety Manager. (2024, November 13). DOT recordable accident: Ultimate guide. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.mysafetymanager.com/2025/05/how-poor-vehicle-maintenance-contributes-to-fleet-safety-risks/
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). Accident Register – Transportation [New Entrant Program]. Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/NewEntrant/MC/Content.aspx?nav=Accidents
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2019, March 1). What is meant by leaving the scene of an accident involving a CMV? In Commercial Driver’s License Standards; Disqualifications of Drivers (§383.51). Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/commercial-drivers-license/what-meant-leaving-scene-accident-involving-cmv

American Trucking Associations. (n.d.). Economics and industry data. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://www.trucking.org/economics-and-industry-data
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (2015, March 3). Truck driver health survey results. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2015/03/03/truck-driver-health/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. (2020, March 31). Module 6. Improving your sleep and alertness: Prepare for sleep. In Training for nurses on shift work and long work hours (Part 2, Module 6, Page 4). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/work-hour-training-for-nurses/longhours/mod6/04.html
Garco Construction. (n.d.). Toolbox talk: Three-point of contact rule. Retrieved September 15, 2025, from https://www.garco.com/toolbox-talk-three-point-of-contact-rule/

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). Marking of CMVs and intermodal equipment (Section 4.1.9, 49 CFR 390.21T). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/safetyplanner/MyFiles/Sections.aspx?ch=21&sec=59#:~:text=General%20requirements%2C%20applicability%2C%20definitions%2C,Contact%20Us

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). Marking of CMVs and intermodal equipment (Section 4.1.9, 49 CFR 390.21T). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/safetyplanner/MyFiles/Sections.aspx?ch=21&sec=59#:~:text=General%20requirements%2C%20applicability%2C%20definitions%2C,Contact%20Us
National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Drug. In NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/drug

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2017, September 18). What medications disqualify a CMV driver? U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/faq/what-medications-disqualify-cmv-driver
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). 6.3.3 Drugs (392.4). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from FMCSA Motor Carrier Safety Planner: Subsection 6.3.3 (Drugs, 392.4) https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/safetyplanner/MyFiles/SubSections.aspx?ch=23&sec=68&sub=165

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (n.d.). 6.3.2 Alcohol (392.5). In Motor Carrier Safety Planner. U.S. Department of Transportation.
Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://csa.fmcsa.dot.gov/safetyplanner/MyFiles/SubSections.aspx?ch=23&sec=68&sub=164
U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Drug and Alcohol Policy & Compliance. (n.d.). Can I use over the counter meds and perform covered functions?
Retrieved September 10, 2025, from U.S. Department of Transportation website: https://www.transportation.gov/odapc/employee#:~:text=Back%20to%20top-,Can%20I%20use%20over%20the%20counter%20meds%20and%20perform%20covered,the%20time%20of%20the%20exam

U.S. Department of Transportation, Office of Drug and Alcohol Policy & Compliance. (2025, January 16). Drug testing laboratories. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from U.S. Department of Transportation website: https://www.transportation.gov/odapc/labs
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2024, December 10). When does testing occur and what tests are required? U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration website: https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/drug-alcohol-testing/what-tests-are-required-and-when-does-testing-occur

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. (2025, July). Fatality Facts 2023: Large trucks. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from Insurance Institute for Highway Safety website: https://www.iihs.org/research-areas/fatality-statistics/detail/large-trucks
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2022, October 3). Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts 2020. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from FMCSA website: https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/safety/data-and-statistics/large-truck-and-bus-crash-facts-2020

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. (2021, May 13). Testing procedures: What employers need to know. U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/drug-alcohol-testing/testing-procedures

Office of Drug & Alcohol Policy & Compliance, U.S. Department of Transportation. (n.d.). Procedures for transportation workplace drug and alcohol testing programs (49 CFR Part 40). Retrieved September 10, 2025, from https://www.transportation.gov/odapc/part40

Lane One Bibliography

Distracted Driving

Defensive Driving

Safe Driving In Adverse Weather

Emergency Roadside Prep

Courtroom Violations

Hours Of Service Regulations

Load Securement

Post Collision Management

Driver Health and Wellness

Drug and Alcohol Compliance